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MNopedia

The Encyclopedia of Minnesota History
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879 Pins
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Scene of the murder of Walter W. Liggett, Minneapolis,1935. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Isadore Blumenfeld, alias Kid Cann (seated at center), on trial for the murder of Walter W. Liggett in Minneapolis, 1936. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Headline and article in the Minneapolis Star (February 23, 1960) reporting on the conviction in the Minneapolis Federal District Court of Isadore Blumenfeld (Kid Cann) for participation in a sex trafficking racket. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Newspaper Collection.

Crime and Punishment

4 Pins
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men.
The 1909 Casiville Bullard House in St. Paul is a rare example of a house built and owned by an African American skilled laborer in the early twentieth century in Minnesota. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 in recognition of its significance.
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men.

African American History

26 Pins
The conservatory at Como Park in St. Paul, which opened on November 7, 1915, is a well-maintained example of a Victorian greenhouse. While many similar “crystal palaces” have been torn down, St. Paul’s conservatory has remained a center for horticulture, recreation, and education for over a century. Photo: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Marjorie McNeely Conservatory at Como Park, Sunken Garden interior, 1928. Photo: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Laying the cornerstone of the Exposition Building, 1886. Photographer: William H. Jacoby. Photo: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Architecture

40 Pins
The Guthrie Theater was one of the first major resident theaters to be established in the United States. It was founded by Tyrone Guthrie, Oliver Rea, and Peter Zeisler, who wanted to bring a professional theater company with a classical repertoire to a relatively small American city. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
The audience of the first performance of the Guthrie Theater (725 Vineland Place, Minneapolis), May 7, 1963. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Francis Lee Jaques emerged from rural Minnesota in the 1930s and 40s to become a nationally known wildlife artist. After two decades at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, he returned to his home state to paint a much-loved series of habitat dioramas at the University of Minnesota’s Bell Museum.  Photo: Linda Cameron

The Arts

42 Pins
View of “Toyland” at Christmas time, Donaldson’s, Minneapolis, ca. 1940. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Christmas shoppers looking at a circus in display windows, Dayton's, Minneapolis, 1923. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Christmas display window, Donaldson’s Department Store, Minneapolis, 1957. Photo by Norton & Peel, © Minnesota Historical Society. All Rights Reserved.

Business & Industry History

76 Pins
Sitting on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River and the city of St. Paul, the 36,500-square-foot, forty-two-room James J. Hill House stands as a monument to the man who built the Great Northern Railway. It remains one of the best examples of Richardsonian Romanesque mansions in the country.
The Coast Guard station at Grand Marais, originally known as Superior North, was built in 1928 to aid the people who traveled and worked on the sometimes turbulent waters of Lake Superior. Since the opening of the station in 1929, Coast Guard personnel from the station have rescued hundreds of fishermen, boat crews and passengers, and recreational boaters from the lake. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Photo by A. F. Raymond, 1937. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Cities & Towns

36 Pins
Highway identification sign for Interstate 35W. The sign stood on Bridge 9340, which carried I-35W over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis. The sign stood on the bridge at the time of its collapse on August 1, 2007. Its surface is heavily scratched, and this damage may be a direct result of the collapse. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.
A truss and gusset plate remnant (U10-U11W truss) recovered after the I-35 W Mississippi River Bridge collapse on August 1, 2007. This remnant is from the U10 and U11 truss nodes which were identified by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as a likely initiation site for the bridge failure. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.
The I-35W (Interstate 35 West) bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis opened to traffic in 1967. Thousands of vehicles drove across it every day, but no one imagined that a mistake in the bridge’s design, made over forty years prior, would have such disastrous consequences on one summer evening in August of 2007. Image: Heather Munro, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Disasters

32 Pins
Macalester College as it looked in 1886. Drawing of Macalester Park from the Northwest Magazine . Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Winslow House, where an early version of Macalester College held classes for a short time (ca. 1870). Photo: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Aerial view of Macalester College (ca. 1921). Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Education

10 Pins
Interior view of a barracks (Building 11), CCC Camp Rabideau F-50. Photo by Jerry Mathiason, 1994. From box 1 (144.G.8.4F) of Historic American Buildings Survey records related to Minnesota structures, 1882-2001, 1883. Manuscripts Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
General view of Camp Rabideau, Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami County, 1974. Photograph Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul
Classroom in the education building (Building 7), CCC Camp Rabideau F-50. Photo by Jerry Mathiason, 1994. From box 1 (144.G.8.4F) of Historic American Buildings Survey records related to Minnesota structures, 1882-2001, 1883. Manuscripts Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.

Environment

40 Pins
“I had a little bird, its name was Enza. I opened the window, and In-Flu-Enza!” Children innocently sang this rhyme while playing and skipping rope during the 1918 influenza pandemic that caused an estimated fifty million deaths worldwide. 675,000 of these were in the United States; over 10,000 were in Minnesota. Image: Poster Collection, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Digital Collections
Minnesota State Health Department, influenza quarantine sign, not dated. Minnesota Department of Health, Reports and Miscellaneous Records, 1872–2002. Posters, Circulars, and Reporting Forms, undated and 1890s‒1940s.  © Minnesota Historical Society.
Fort Snelling Hospital, Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, 1918.  © Minnesota Historical Society

Health & Medicine

4 Pins
Sitting on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River and the city of St. Paul, the 36,500-square-foot, forty-two-room James J. Hill House stands as a monument to the man who built the Great Northern Railway. It remains one of the best examples of Richardsonian Romanesque mansions in the country. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
A construction crew at the James J. Hill House in St. Paul, 1891. Photograph Collection, Minnesota Historical Society
Drawing room decorated for Charlotte Hill's wedding to George T. Slade at the James J. Hill house, 240 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, 1901. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection, Photographed by Charles A. Zimmerman.

Historic Sites

40 Pins
Hanukkah Menorah, ca. 1990-2002. Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection
WPA Handicraft project menorah, ca. 1935-1942. Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection
Governor Tim Pawlenty, lighting the menorah on the state capitol grounds to honor the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah, December 4, 2007. Image: Governor's Office Photographs, Government Records Collection, Minnesota Historical Society.

Holidays & Celebrations

95 Pins
The Tibetan American Foundation of Minnesota is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization with members living in and around Twin Cities. Since its inception in 1992, it has transformed into a full-fledged social and cultural hub through events held at its headquarters, the Tibetan Community Cultural Center in St. Paul. Image: © Tashi Khongtsotsang. All rights reserved.
In 1957, a group of German clubs based in the Twin Cities came together to form the Volksfest Association, which represented German Minnesotans at that year’s centennial statehood celebration. After the centennial, eager to obtain an official building, it raised money through selling bonds and organizing fundraising events. In 1965, it purchased a home on Summit Avenue for $57,500. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Hmong New Year, Highland Junior-Senior High, St. Paul, December 19, 1981.

Immigration History

16 Pins
Man with a prize-winning turkey, ca. 1926. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Oliver H. Kelley was the founder of the National Grange. Learn more from this MNopedia article!
Threshing on the James J. Hill farm, Northcote, c.1900. Photograph by A.H. Anderson. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.

Minnesota Agriculture History

8 Pins
Alexander Ramsey, ca. 1848. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Anna Ramsey, ca. 1860. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Minnesota Senate with Governors Alexander Ramsey and Henry H. Sibley, 1859. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Minnesota Politics

9 Pins
Cass Gilbert standing before the partially completed State Capitol dome, 1901. Photograph: Minnesota Historical Society.
Tenth & Wabasha Street site of the first and second capitols, with a view of the third capitol building, 1954 Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
CSS Minnesota State Capitol Restoration Project

Minnesota State Capitol

12 Pins
The first female nominee of a major party for the US Senate, Anna Dickie Olesen was a celebrated orator and passionate social reformer who became one of the most prominent Democratic women of the early twentieth century. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
The Scandinavian Woman Suffrage Association used its unique ethnic affiliation to promote suffrage within Minnesota’s substantial Scandinavian community. By weaving celebrations of culture with targeted suffrage campaigns, the club contributed to Minnesota’s larger fight for women’s voting rights and even raised enough money to build a suffrage movement headquarters on the state fairgrounds. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
When Dr. Martha Ripley and her family moved to Minneapolis in 1883, she had just completed medical training at Boston University School of Medicine. At forty-one, though, she was no newcomer to the medical profession. Photo by Marcus W. Owens, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Minnesota Women's History

37 Pins
American Indian Movement (AIM) button from the AIM powwow at the Minneapolis American Indian Center, December 29, 1990. Photo: © Minnesota Historical Society. All rights reserved.
American Indian Movement (AIM) button from the AIM powwow held at the Minneapolis American Indian Center, December 29, 1990. Photo: © Minnesota Historical Society. All rights reserved.
The slider: it's one of the most effective tools in a pitcher's arsenal. A curveball with extra speed, it can throw off a batter's timing. Because it requires some nuanced wrist action, though, a slider can cause real wear and tear on a pitcher's forearm. Use it judiciously, and you can save a game. Use it too often, and you'd better grab an extra ice pack. Image: Public Domain

Native American History

43 Pins
In 1948, Herbert W. Schaper was a mailman in Minneapolis and a fisherman who made his own lures. One day, he added six legs to a lure that he had whittled and called it a “Cootie.” Starting out with a basement factory in his home and $1200 in 1949, he transformed the fishing lure into the Cootie game that reached $1.5 million in sales by 1953. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.
Completed Cootie game figure painted gold from early 1950s vintage 'COOTIE' game, manufactured by Schaper Manufacturing Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1950–1954. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.
Skunk dice game made by W. H. Schaper Manufacturing Company, Incorporated of Minneapolis, ca. 1950–1960. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.

Pop Culture History

63 Pins
Menorahs and other sacred objects in the Mount Zion Temple gift shop, 1957. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
In 1856, eight German-Jewish families in St. Paul founded the first Jewish congregation in Minnesota. It was called Mount Zion Hebrew Association. In 2012, Mount Zion Temple had 1,000 members. The synagogue building on Summit Avenue in St. Paul was designed by internationally recognized architect Erich Mendelsohn. Image: The first Mount Zion Temple, ca. 1881. From the collections of the Jewish Historical Society of the Upper Midwest, used with permission.
Harmony’s Greenfield Lutheran Church traces its history to 1856, when Norwegian immigrant families began holding religious services in the settler-colonist community of Greenfield Prairie. Photo: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection

Religion & Belief

13 Pins
The history of science and technology in Minnesota is the history of both how people have perceived and organized the world and how they have brought these worldviews into practice. They have defined science and technology in different ways over time, often according to their social, cultural, political, and economic circumstances. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Computer used for weather calculations, air traffic control, etc., designed and manufactured by Control Data Corporation, Minneapolis, 1970. Photograph by Control Data Corporation. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Women students in a biology laboratory at the University of Minnesota, ca. 1902.

Science & Technology

7 Pins
Vernon Jay Fairbrother with snowman, South St. Paul, 1932. Photo by Edward Albert Fairbrother, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Snowman on the towboat Mark Twain, ca. 1940. Photo by Charles Alfred Sundby. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Hockey girls on an ice rink in front of the armory; two team members sliding on the ice, ca. 1925. Photo by Minneapolis Journal, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.

Sports & Recreation

130 Pins
The Great Northern Railway was a transcontinental railroad system that extended from St. Paul to Seattle. Among the transcontinental railroads, it was the only one that used no public funding and only a few  land grants. Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Photo by Myron T. Gilbertson, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
The Great Northern Railway’s Winnipeg Limited crossing the Stone Arch Bridge, Minneapolis, ca. 1955. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
The St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, or St. P & P, was one of Minnesota’s first major railroads. It was created in 1862 from the remnants of another bankrupt line and strengthened by valuable land grants. It survived financial hardships to become a cornerstone of the Great Northern Railway system. Image: Pass for the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, used by Henry Castle, 1878. ©Minnesota Historical Society 3D Objects Collection. All Rights Reserved.

Transportation History

46 Pins
Albert Henry Woolson had outlived over two million Civil War Union Army comrades when he died in Duluth on August 2, 1956, at the age of 106. At his death, he was recognized as the last surviving Union Army veteran. Civil War historians, however, now recognize him as the last survivor of both the Union and Confederate armies. Image: St. Louis County Historical Society, used with permission.
Ribbon worn by Albert Woolson at the national Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) encampment in Indianapolis held between September 13 and 18, 1942. Attached to the maroon ribbon is a matching Minnesota pin with a gopher that reads, "Minnesota in the Land of 10,000 lakes" and "The Gopher State." The ribbon was donated by his daughter, Frances Campbell, to the St. Louis County Historical Society in Duluth. Image: © St. Louis County Historical SocietyAll rights reserved.
On April 12, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson called upon Americans on the home front to help fight what would become known as World War I. In response, many Minnesotans turned to backyard gardening to increase their food supply. Poster: Designed by illustrator James Montgomery Flagg, c.1918. Minnesota Historical Society Poster Collection

War & Conflict

22 Pins
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Hiawatha and Minnehaha statue, created by sculpture Jacob Fjelde, before its 1912 placement at Minnehaha Park. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Minnehaha Park, Minnesota Historical Society, Hiawatha, Rehab, Minneapolis, Placement, Nostalgia, Sculpture, Statue
Hiawatha and Minnehaha statue, created by sculpture Jacob Fjelde, before its 1912 placement at Minnehaha Park. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Jacob Fjelde's sculpture Hiawatha and Minnehaha has stood in Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis since the early twentieth century. A popular fixture of the park in the twenty-first century, its placement there was originally controversial. Photo: Charles J. Hibbard, Minnesota Historical Society Collections The Twenties, Charles, Early, Collections
Jacob Fjelde's sculpture Hiawatha and Minnehaha has stood in Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis since the early twentieth century. A popular fixture of the park in the twenty-first century, its placement there was originally controversial. Photo: Charles J. Hibbard, Minnesota Historical Society Collections
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Summer reading program at Hosmer Library, Minneapolis, 1990. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Preschool Characters, Hosmer, Summer Reading Program, Character Development, Programming, Library, History
Summer reading program at Hosmer Library, Minneapolis, 1990. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Rural one-room schoolhouse, students, and teacher, ca. 1910. Photograph by John Runk, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection Rural, Homeschool, Students, Teacher, Visiting, Olds
Rural one-room schoolhouse, students, and teacher, ca. 1910. Photograph by John Runk, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Bookmobiles funded and managed by the Minnesota State Department of Education, ca. 1960. Image: Minnesota Historical Society. Wooster Ohio, Mobile Library, Step Van, Bookmobile, Library Services, Book Reader, New Hobbies
Bookmobiles funded and managed by the Minnesota State Department of Education, ca. 1960. Image: Minnesota Historical Society.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Report card issued to eight-grade student Rosalie [sic] Weiss by the Gordon School in St. Paul for the 1918–1919 school year. Image: Minnesota Historical Society. School Report Card, Sewing Men, Report Writing, Eighth Grade, Rosalie, Semester, Gordon, School Year
Report card issued to eight-grade student Rosalie [sic] Weiss by the Gordon School in St. Paul for the 1918–1919 school year. Image: Minnesota Historical Society.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Desk used in School District 43 in Watonwan between 1889 and 1919. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society All rights reserved. School Desks, School District, Districts, Reserved, The Past, Dining Chairs, Image
Desk used in School District 43 in Watonwan between 1889 and 1919. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society All rights reserved.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
The founders of the United States—anxious about the fragile republican experiment they’d embarked on—knew that the nation needed an educated citizenry. This is the story of public education in Minnesota. Citizenry, Red Lake, Indian Family, Aerial Photo, The Fragile, Historical Photos, Elementary Schools, Photo Galleries
The founders of the United States—anxious about the fragile republican experiment they’d embarked on—knew that the nation needed an educated citizenry. This is the story of public education in Minnesota.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota's Ratification of the 19th Amendment, September 8, 1919. Committee Papers, 1919–1920; Records of the US House of Representatives, Record Group 233; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. Public domain. Holding location: National Archives and Records Administration. 19th Amendment, Suffrage Movement, House Of Representatives, Amendments, National Archives, Constitution, Minnesota, September 8, Committee
Minnesota's Ratification of the 19th Amendment, September 8, 1919. Committee Papers, 1919–1920; Records of the US House of Representatives, Record Group 233; National Archives Building, Washington, DC. Public domain. Holding location: National Archives and Records Administration.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Suffrage cartoon by A. T. Reid from the Minneapolis Tribune, showing the tally of suffrage states by political parties as of July 16, 1920. The man represents southern Democrats who had a reputation for being anti-suffrage. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Newspaper Collection. Anti Suffrage, Newspaper Collection, Political Party, Tribune, Activism, Reputation, Democrats
Suffrage cartoon by A. T. Reid from the Minneapolis Tribune, showing the tally of suffrage states by political parties as of July 16, 1920. The man represents southern Democrats who had a reputation for being anti-suffrage. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Newspaper Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota’s suffragists worked tirelessly to win the vote beginning in the late 1850s, when Mary Colburn delivered what is believed to be the state’s first women’s rights speech. After a long struggle, the dream of equal suffrage took a big leap forward on September 8, 1919, when the state legislature voted to ratify the woman suffrage amendment, making Minnesota the fifteenth state to do so. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Big Leap, Suffrage, Equality, Speech
Minnesota’s suffragists worked tirelessly to win the vote beginning in the late 1850s, when Mary Colburn delivered what is believed to be the state’s first women’s rights speech. After a long struggle, the dream of equal suffrage took a big leap forward on September 8, 1919, when the state legislature voted to ratify the woman suffrage amendment, making Minnesota the fifteenth state to do so. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men. Jury, White Man, South African, The Fosters, Union, Serve
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
The 1909 Casiville Bullard House in St. Paul is a rare example of a house built and owned by an African American skilled laborer in the early twentieth century in Minnesota. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 in recognition of its significance. Bullard, House Built, Saint Paul, Recognition, Example, African, Century
The 1909 Casiville Bullard House in St. Paul is a rare example of a house built and owned by an African American skilled laborer in the early twentieth century in Minnesota. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 in recognition of its significance.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men. Babylon The Great, Emancipation, Advocate, Admissions
From their state's admission to the Union until the mid-1860s, a majority of Minnesotans advocated the abolition of slavery in the South. African American suffrage, however, did not enjoy the same support. Minnesota's African American citizens paid taxes, fought in wars, and fostered their communities. But they could not vote, hold political office, or serve on juries. This continued until 1868, when an amendment to the state's constitution approved suffrage for all non-white men.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
In 1910 there were over sixty orphanages and homes for the aged operated by and for African Americans in the United States. Minnesota had one of them: St. Paul's Crispus Attucks Home. The home was named for the African American patriot killed in the Boston Massacre of 1770. It served the community for six decades, beginning in 1906 during the Jim Crow era and ending in 1966 at the peak of the civil rights movement. Crispus Attucks, Boston Massacre, Jim Crow, Civil Rights Movement, American Patriot, African Americans, Peak, United States
In 1910 there were over sixty orphanages and homes for the aged operated by and for African Americans in the United States. Minnesota had one of them: St. Paul's Crispus Attucks Home. The home was named for the African American patriot killed in the Boston Massacre of 1770. It served the community for six decades, beginning in 1906 during the Jim Crow era and ending in 1966 at the peak of the civil rights movement.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Pearson Candy Company, 411 Broadway, St. Paul, 1955. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Nut Goodie, Candy Companies, Pearson, Exterior, Company, Photographer
Pearson Candy Company, 411 Broadway, St. Paul, 1955. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Stainless steel kettles used for cooking cream for candy bar center, Pearson's Candy Company, St. Paul, 1970. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Saint Paul Mn, Minnesota Nice, Cooking Cream, Creating A Business, Ghost Chair
Stainless steel kettles used for cooking cream for candy bar center, Pearson's Candy Company, St. Paul, 1970. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Packaging for the Pearson's Nut Goodie candy bar, 2019. 3D Objects Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society. All rights reserved. Flavored Nuts, Candy Bar, Paul, Objects, Flavors
Packaging for the Pearson's Nut Goodie candy bar, 2019. 3D Objects Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. Image: © Minnesota Historical Society. All rights reserved.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
The Pearson’s Candy Company has produced some of Minnesota’s best-loved candies since its founding in 1909. The milk chocolate-coated Nut Goodie, introduced in 1912, has survived several changes in company ownership and a temporary departure from its original recipe to remain a regional favorite. Photo: Linda A. Cameron. Minnesota Home, Original Recipe, Regional, Candies, Temporary
The Pearson’s Candy Company has produced some of Minnesota’s best-loved candies since its founding in 1909. The milk chocolate-coated Nut Goodie, introduced in 1912, has survived several changes in company ownership and a temporary departure from its original recipe to remain a regional favorite. Photo: Linda A. Cameron.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Erickson Round Barn, Marine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, 1974. Photo by Eugene D. Becker, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Erickson, Eugene, Otters, Barns, County, Outdoor
Erickson Round Barn, Marine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, 1974. Photo by Eugene D. Becker, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
A round barn located in Winona County, Minnesota, ca. 1972. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Northland, Mountain Homes, Winona, Gazebo, Natural Beauty, Buildings
A round barn located in Winona County, Minnesota, ca. 1972. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
A round barn located in Rosewood Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota, 1983. Photo by Susan Granger, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Granger, Rosewood, Susan, Photograph, Cabin
A round barn located in Rosewood Township, Chippewa County, Minnesota, 1983. Photo by Susan Granger, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
A round barn located near Clinton, Big Stone County, Minnesota. Photo by Thomas Landvik, ca. 1972. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Monument Valley, Thomas, Barn, Natural Landmarks, Stone
A round barn located near Clinton, Big Stone County, Minnesota. Photo by Thomas Landvik, ca. 1972. Image: Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Located near Nowthen Boulevard in the city of Nowthen, just off of Bass Lake, the barn used by Erick Sparre in the early twentieth century has a unique circular shape that allowed its owner to maximize storage space, lower construction costs, and increase efficiency. As of 2020, it is the best-preserved dairy barn in Anoka County. Image: Anoka County Historical Society, used with permission. Bass Lake, Construction Cost, Historical Society, Boulevard, Efficiency, Lake House, Storage Spaces, Lower
Located near Nowthen Boulevard in the city of Nowthen, just off of Bass Lake, the barn used by Erick Sparre in the early twentieth century has a unique circular shape that allowed its owner to maximize storage space, lower construction costs, and increase efficiency. As of 2020, it is the best-preserved dairy barn in Anoka County. Image: Anoka County Historical Society, used with permission.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society
Vernon Jay Fairbrother with snowman, South St. Paul, 1932. Photo by Edward Albert Fairbrother, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection. Edward Albert, Vernon, Jay, Snowman, South, Couple Photos
Vernon Jay Fairbrother with snowman, South St. Paul, 1932. Photo by Edward Albert Fairbrother, Minnesota Historical Society Photograph Collection.
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society