Hispanic Heritage Month

a black and white microphone on top of a gray stand with the words kcor
Earning a place on the dial: Raoul Cortez, KCOR, and Spanish-language radio
Founded San Antonio, Texas in the 1940s by Raoul A. Cortez, KCOR was one the nation's first full-time Spanish-language radio stations.
black and white photograph of people in hats
The Bracero History Archive collects and makes available the oral histories and artifacts pertaining to the Bracero program, a guest worker initiative that spanned the years 1942-1964. Millions of Mexican agricultural workers crossed the border under the program to work in more than half of the states in America.
two people walking in front of a mosaic wall
Zubizarreta Family
Founded in 1976 by Tere A. Zubizarreta, Zubi Advertising is family-run ad agency that works with national clients to get their message across to Hispanics in the United States.
an old black and white photo of a man with his arms crossed, wearing a suit
American Enterprise
Raoul A. Cortez (1905–1971) thought media should serve the community and promote the common good. After working in a Spanish-language newspaper, he founded a radio station, which became the voice of the Spanish-speaking community in San Antonio. In 1955, he opened KCOR-TV, expanding his broadcasting business and community-centered media vision to television.
a woman holding up a cross while standing in front of a microphone with other people behind her
American Enterprise
Maria Durazo (1953-) learned the hardships of labor in the fields with her Mexican immigrant parents. She became a dynamic union organizer, served as leader of the Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union, and joined the Executive Council of AFL-CIO. Standing with her community, she protested low wages, dangerous working conditions, and deaths of immigrant workers. (Photograph by Peter Holderness)
a woman holding a plate with food on it
American Enterprise
Dora Hilda Escobar (1969–) arrived from El Salvador in the 1980s, seeking opportunity but finding exploitation. Entrepreneurial and hardworking, she labored in the gray economy selling clothes and making pupusas in her home. Eventually, she built a business selling to the émigré community, which expanded to multiple restaurants and check-cashing facilities.
an old fashioned camera next to a new one on a tripod with a microphone attached
American Enterprise
KWEX Camera and Remote Box, 1970s: Cameraman and reporter Andreas Morin used this portable camera and remote box to record stories on location in and around San Antonio, Texas. KCOR-TV became KWEX with the sale of the station to Emilio Nicolas Sr., Raoul Cortez’s son-in-law, and a group of investors in 1961.
an old silver coin with a woman's head on the front and side, against a black background
American Enterprise
Spanish dollars were the monies of choice when coins were available in Colonial America, and Americans liked them so much that they eventually based their own U.S. dollar on the Spanish real. The uniform quality of the Spanish real made it a popular currency for international trade.
an old rusty iron hook with a wooden handle
American Enterprise
United Farm Workers co-founder Cesar Chavez never forgot his roots. His father’s short-handled hoe reminded him of migrants’ backbreaking daily struggles. Chavez organized workers thought to be unorganizable. By using hunger strikes and the call of “Sí, se puede,” he galvanized public support for the plight of farm workers.
a group of people sitting at a table with signs in front of them that say unfair wages
Emma Tenayuca, 1916-1999
In 1938, Emma Tenayuca helped organize the strike of 12,000 pecan shellers in San Antonio, Texas. She was 22 years old at the time.
an old record player is sitting on the table
The sazón in hip-hop
African Americans, Latinos, and other Caribbean cultures, collaboratively planted the seeds of the now global hip-hop culture.
a group of people that are playing instruments
Mariachi Los Amigos
In 2010, Smithsonian Folkways Director Daniel Sheehy performed as a member of Mariachi Los Amigos at the The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts to celebrate the bicentennial of Mexico’s Independence. To celebrate this year’s Grito de Dolores, watch this video of Mariachi Los Amigos performing in 2013 at Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian.
an image of a man playing guitar in front of a poster with spanish civiles
Hear the world’s sounds
More than 2,000 volunteers from America, known as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, joined the Spanish democracy in the Spanish Civil War against General Francisco Franco’s army, who were supported by German and Italian resources. The war was a prelude to WWII as a fight between democracy and fascism. "Songs of the Spanish Civil War" captures the songs of the Spanish resistance, some recorded in Spain during battle, and others recorded in New York by returning brigade-members.
the poster for el legado is shown in red and black, with an image of
The story of Mexican "braceros" is told in the Smithsonian traveling exhibition "Bittersweet Harvest: The Bracero Program, 1942-1964." Free, bilingual posters also reveal this little-known chapter in American history. http://www.sites.si.edu/bracero/ #hispanic
an exhibit with posters and musical instruments on the wall in front of it is a photo of a man wearing a tuxedo
"American Sabor: Latinos in U.S. Popular Music" is a Smithsonian traveling exhibition that includes the stories of musicians such as Tito Puente, Ritchie Valens, Celia Cruz, Carlos Santana and Selena. Learn more about the show and try mixing music yourself at http://www.americansabor.org #music #latino