"HOLD/ RE-ELECT JAMES D. PHELAN, U. S. SENATOR/ And let him Finish the work he now has under way to stop the SILENT INVASION" - Anti-Japanese Campaign Poster, 1920 In 1919, approaching the end of his term as U.S. senator, Phelan launched a new anti-Japanese campaign. He contended that the Japanese were a menace to America economically, socially and militarily. Using slogans like "Keep California White," he called for a more stringent alien land law.

Source: PRRI social network survey

Source: Hall, Matthew, John Iceland, Youngmin Yi. "Racial Separation at Home and Work"

Americans lived in racially segregated neighborhoods during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Source: Hall, Matthew, John Iceland, Youngmin Yi. "Racial Separation at Home and Work"

Whites migrated to the suburbs following the decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Source: U.S. Census Bureau

A Woman of Color holds up a dilapidated sign that designates the Virginia Key Beach as segregated, 1940s. Photo credit: Copy Arcadia Publishing / Miami Herald

"It is required by law, under penalty of fine of $5.00 to $25.00 that White and Negro passengers must occupy the respective space or seats indicated by signs in this vehicle. - Texas Penal Code, Article 1659, Sec. 4, Dallas City ordinance, No. 2904" Signs like this appeared in Dallas buses and at Dallas bus stops, where there were separate areas for black passengers to stand until the late 1950s.

Walter Ring, who stands in the center holding a Confederate flag, drove from the Richmond area to protest the Faith and Politics Institute's delegation to observe how residents of Farmville, Virginia are dealing with racial integration. He catches the attention of A. P. Jackson, a local lawyer. Prince Edward county closed its public schools from 1959 to 1964 instead on integrating them, April 30, 2006. Photo credit: Chris Maddaloni

A black little girl leaves a cafe through a door marked "For Colored," c. 1950. Photo credit: Hulton Archive / Getty; Does anyone know where this picture was taken?

Assistant manager Israel Batista-Olivieri blocks the entrance as Morgan State College students, from left, Latifah Lois Chinnery, Marvin Redd, and Richard E. Timmons attempt to buy tickets at the Northwood. Photo credit: William L. LaForce, Jr. / National Building Museum

The woman's sign reads: "I am the biggest pig in the town and only get involved with Jews!" and the man's sign reads: "As a Jewish boy, I only go to bed with German girls." In 1933, Jewish businessman Oskar Danker and his Christian girlfriend were forced to carry signs discouraging Jewish-German integration. Intimate relationships between “true Germans” and Jews were outlawed by 1935 — at Duhnen Strand-Cuxhaven. Photo credit: Getty

Artist: Chris Hopkins

At the age of 19, David Isom (pictured here) crossed the color line in a segregated pool in Florida, June 8, 1958. His defiance resulted in officials closing the facility Photo credit: Bettmann Archive / Getty Images

Residential Segregation in American Cities, c. 2017 Source: Tomas E. Monarrez

A Japanese family returns home to find their garage vandalized with graffiti and broken windows in Seattle, on May 10, 1945. AP Photo

"Asiatics Must Not Be Naturalized. No Japs in our Schools" This is an exhibit at the Japanese American National Museum featuring a picture of 12th grade graduating class at a Japanese Language School in Hollywood, California (1941). The exhibit includes an editorial arguing against the naturalization of Japanese American students and their integration in schools.