Social Movements & Change

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The Sociological Cinema
~ @RBReich
A friend once shared what she called the Parable of the Choir: A choir can sing a beautiful note impossibly long because singers can individually drop out to breathe as necessary and the note goes on. Social justice activism should be like that, she said. That's stuck with me. ~ @hungover_the
Being a good ally as a white faculty member can be as simple as not letting Black faculty members be talked over or whitesplained to during meetings. Don't wait until AFTER the meeting to tell the Black faculty member you "feel bad" or "should have said something." DO it. ~ @DrRubidium

Social Mvmts: The Tweets

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With ‘Stop the Steal’ demonstrations, there has already been disproportionate engagement by militia groups relative to other protests: militia groups have participated in 18% of all ‘Stop the Steal’ demonstrations, while they have engaged in less than 1% of all other demonstrations Source: Kishi, Roudabeh, Hampton Stall, and Sam Jones. 2020. "The Future of 'Stop the Steal': Post-Election Trajectories for Right-Wing Mobilization in the US." ACLED

Social Mvmts: The Charts

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Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old leader of a global protest against inaction on climate change, marched at a rally, September 20, 2019. Around the world, millions of other people joined her. Photo credit: Eduardo Munoz Alvarez / AP — in New York, New York.
Protesters march during a Fridays for Future rally against climate change, September 20, 2019. Photo credit: Michele Spatari / AFP — in Johannesburg.
Children shout slogans as they participate in a climate strike, September 20, 2019. Photo credit: Laurène Becquart / AFP — at New Delhi.

Social Mvmts: The Environmental Movement

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"Include Disabled People in Activism," The 17-year-old behind @elliewheels, Ellie uses her Instagram account to bring visibility to disability rights, women's rights, and LGBTQ rights, c. March 2018. Photo credit: Blair B. Brown
"Disabled Women Matter" "They tried to bury us. They didn't know we were seeds," at the Women's March on Washington, January 21, 2017. Photo credit: @Kristin_Duquette, on Instagram — in Washington, District of Columbia.
"The Revolution Is Wheelchair Accessible," The Women's March on Washington, January 21, 2017.

Social Mvmts: Disability Rights Movement

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A doctored animation of Parkland shooting survivor Emma Gonzalez ripping the US Constitution in two went viral on social media. "#EmmaGonzalez Proudly shredding The Constitution. Horrifying to every educated American." ~ @LindaCo03364065 [Image description: The left frame is an original image of Emma Gonzalez tearing up a bullseye used for target practice. The right frame is a Photoshopped image of her tearing up the US Constitution.]
"I have schizophrenia, and I am NOT a monster! Stop blaming mental health for a gun problem," March 2018. Photo credit: ithelpstodream, on Tumblr
"Prayers and thoughts don't save lives," Students from Montgomery Blair High School march down Colesville Road in support of gun-reform legislation, February 21, 2018. Photo credit: Win McNamee / Getty — in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Social Mvmts: The Gun Control Movement

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Anti-government protests in Algiers, Algeria, with a banner reading “Government go away – students take over,” April 2019. President Abdelaziz Bouteflika bowed to pressure from the military and weeks of popular protests by stepping down from power. The protestors are continuing to call for the removal and prosecution of what they see as corrupt and ineffective elites who have collectively ruled Algeria since independence from France in 1962. Photo credit: Ramzi Boudina — in Algiers, Algeria.
Crowds celebrate in Algiers as Algeria becomes an independent state. After a nearly eight-year war against colonial French rule in the country, Algeria’s independence was officially declared on July 5th, 1962. Photo credit: Does anyone know who took this photo?
Young Algerians poured into the streets of Bouzaréah in Algiers to celebrate the country's independence, July 2, 1962, Photo credit: Marc Riboud

Social Mvmts: Algerian Independence Movement

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Summer volunteer carpenter Jim Boebel and a local resident post a shotgun watch at the community center against a fire-bomb threat by local whites. Threats were common that summer and local men took turns guarding the community every night, 1964. Photo credit: Matt Herron — at Mississippi.
Freedom Summer Murders On June 21, 1964, voting rights activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, who had come here to investigate the burning of Mt. Zion Church, wer murdered. Victims of a Klan conspiracy, their deaths provoked national outrage and led to the first successful federal prosecution of a civil rights case in Mississippi.
Students taking part in the Freedom Summer campaign join hands and sing as they prepare to leave Ohio for Mississippi in 1964. Their work to register blacks to vote relied on the help of Mississippians who sheltered them, raised money and supported them in other ways, often at risk to their own safety. Photo credit: Ted Polumbaum / Newseum Collection..

Social Mvmts: Freedom Summer (1964)

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On June 11, 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested for trespassing at the Monson Motor Lodge after being asked to leave from its segregated restaurant. The following week, on June 18, civil rights demonstrators jumped into the Lodge's segregated pool in protest, and the owner of the lodge, Jimmy Brock, responded by pouring muriatic acid into the pool. The acid was too diluted to pose any real threat, but many of the protesters were eventually arrested...Photo credit: AP / JK
On June 11, 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested for trespassing at the Monson Motor Lodge after being asked to leave from its segregated restaurant. The following week, on June 18, civil rights demonstrators jumped into the Lodge's segregated pool in protest, and the owner of the lodge, Jimmy Brock, responded by pouring muriatic acid into the pool. The acid was too diluted to pose any real threat...Photo credit: AP / JK
On June 11, 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was arrested for trespassing at the Monson Motor Lodge after being asked to leave from its segregated restaurant. The following week, on June 18, civil rights demonstrators jumped into the Lodge's segregated pool in protest, and the owner of the lodge, Jimmy Brock, responded by pouring muriatic acid into the pool. In this photo demonstrators are gathered in prayer at the lodge on the evening of the 18th after a long march...Photo credit: AP / JK

Social Mvmts: Monson Motor Lodge Pool Protest (1964)

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-- This editorial cartoon from The Atlanta Journal and Constitution was published in response to the so-called Harlem Race Riots and includes caricatures of the leaders of the SCLC (Martin Luther King), the NAACP, SNCC, and CORE playing the violin to the music of “We Shall Overcome.” The cartoon is attempting to discredit the nonviolent protests of the Civil Rights Era by lumping them together with protests where property was destroyed.
Two terrified African American girls flee police officers during social unrest in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. This is the second night of social unrest, which began in Harlem, July 21, 1964. Photo credit: Bettmann / Getty
A policeman stands inside a grocery store with broken front windows in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn on July 22, 1964 Photo credit: AP

Social Mvmts: Harlem Uprising (1964)

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Flanked by Dick Gregory and James Meredith, Martin Luther King, Jr. walks in the March Against Fear near Jackson, Mississippi, June 6, 1966. Photo Credit: Flip Schulke / Corbis
Mississippi patrolmen shove Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and other marchers during the 220-mile “March Against Fear” from Memphis, Tenn. to Jackson, Miss. June 8, 1966. Photo credit: Underwood Archives / Getty Images
Martin Luther King, Jr., Stokely Carmichael, and Willie Mukasa Ricks walk together during the March Against Fear, 1966. The march was a major demonstration, originally launched by activist James Meredith. Meredith started a solidarity walk from Memphis, TN, to Jackson, MS. On the 2nd day, Meredith was shot by a white gunman & was hospitalized. Vowing to carry on the march, SNCC, the SCLC, the MFDP, CORE, among other groups converged.

Social Mvmts: March Against Fear (1966)

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The Cairo uprising began on July 17, 1967 in Cairo, Illinois, and persisted for three days. The incident began with the alleged jailhouse suicide of Private Robert Hunt, a young African-American soldier on leave in his hometown of Cairo. Police said Hunt hanged himself with his t-shirt, but Cairo's African-American residents challenged that story. The death touched off a seven-year renewal of civil rights activities in the city. Photo credit: Preston Ewing, Jr., from "Let my people go"
You black marcher faces crowd of white onlookers. Downtown. Photo credit: Preston Ewing, Jr., from "Let my people go: Cairo, Illinois, 1967-1973 : civil rights photographs"
"Stop the War Against Black America" Photo credit: Preston Ewing, Jr., from "Let my people go: Cairo, Illinois, 1967-1973 : civil rights photographs"

Social Mvmts: The Cairo Uprising (1967)

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Detroit Race Riot, 1967 In this photo African American store owners protect their store with rifles and a sign saying 'Soul Brother' [Click on this image to find a short video and analysis exploring the use of language in describing social unrest. Is it a riot or an uprising of the people?] Photo credit: Lee Balterman / Time and Life Pictures
Detroit Burns In The Summer Of Love, 1967 [follow this link to find a short clip and analysis exploring whether social movements should always be nonviolent: http://www.thesociologicalcinema.com/1/post/2013/08/should-social-movements-always-be-nonviolent.html]
Police officers confront pedestrians. Photo credit: Lee Balterman / Getty Images — in Detroit, Michigan.

Social Mvmts: The Detroit Rebellion (1967)

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"I Am A Man" The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr., in 1968 organized the Poor People's Campaign to demand economic justice. Although King was assassinated later that year, the planned protest was not postponed. The demonstrators called for President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration to focus more resources on the War on Poverty. Source: National Museum of American History
"I am a man." In this image, Martin Luther King, Jr. leads sanitation workers workers on a strike -- March 28, 1968 Photo credit: Ernest Withers — in Memphis, TN.
"I am a man" - On 2/12/1968, mostly Black Memphis sanitation workers went on strike demanding recognition for their union, better wages & safer working conditions after 2 trash handlers were killed by a malfunctioning truck. The strike gained national attention & dragged on into March. Striking workers carried copies of a poster declaring “I AM A MAN,” a statement that recalled a question abolitionists posed more than 100 yrs earlier, “Am I not a man and a brother?”--Photo: Richard L. Copley

Social Mvmts: Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike (1968)

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Mapping the 1968 Baltimore Riots: Incident Locations [Was the turmoil in Baltimore a riot, an uprising, a rebellion, part of a social movement, or was it an insurrection? Whatever frame we choose has important consequences for the shape of things to come. Check out this short clip and analysis on this topic] Source: Miller, 2011 / Magill, Alexandra. 2013."Historical and Contemporary Modes of Racism in Baltimore, Maryland."
432 North Avenue, amidst the #BaltimoreRiots, April 6 - April 14, 1968. The immediate cause of the rioting was the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4. Source: Hearst Corporation
A man is patted down in front of a store with "Soul Brother" written on the window, amidst the Baltimore riots, April 6 - April 14, 1968. The immediate cause of the rioting was the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4. Source: Hearst Corporation

Social Mvmts: Baltimore Uprising (1968)

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ORIGINAL CAPTION: This photo, made from the Lincoln Memorial, shows the huge crowd, estimated at close to 59,000, that attended the Poor People's "Solidarity Day" rally. Note many of the marchers wading in the reflecting pool beneath the Washington Monument, June 19, 1968 — in Washington, District of Columbia. Photo credit: Getty
On May 12, 1968, over 2,500 activists from Mississippi arrived by bus in Washington, D.C. for a gathering of mass protest that was planned to be long-term at the National Mall. An architect named John Wiebenson secured five acres around the Reflecting pool in Washington in order to build a small independent city with its own stores, hospital and city hall. This town of protest at our nation's capitol came to be known as “Resurrection City.”

Social Mvmts: Resurrection City (1968)

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"Burn, baby, burn!" - Protesters after Rodney King Verdict was announced. Photo credit: Kirk McKoy
"Rebuild South Central without Liquor Stores!! Reconstruiral Sur Central Sin Negocios de Bebidas Alcoholicas!!) Activists protesting the proliferation of liquor stores in South Los Angeles shortly after the Los Angeles riots, ca. 1992. Photo credit: Community Coalition South LA

Social Mvmts: Los Angeles Civil Unrest (1992)

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(1 of 2) The Arab Spring - A Full Five Years Source: The Economist
(2 of 2) The Arab Spring - A Full Five Years Source: The Economist
A Libyan anti-government protester with her face painted in the colors of Libya's former national flag takes part in a gathering in the city of Benghazi in February 2011. Photo credit: AFP

Social Mvmts: Arab Spring (2010 - 2014)

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