Eighth Grade

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In the many centuries that followed the beginnings of Buddhism, the body of literature comprising Mahayana Buddhism swelled to great proportions. The original precepts became the subject of vast tomes of commentary. Philosophical discussion, categorization of psychological mental and emotional states of being; legendary material, miracle stories, parables, fanciful descriptions of previous states and lives of the Buddha, elaborate descriptions of mental, subtle, and spiritual planes of existence Buddhism, Kyoto, Japanese Monk, Zen Buddhism, 15th Century, Zen, Sketch, Male Sketch, Japan
Chinese Buddhism and the Silk Road: Bodhidharma Comes from the West
In the many centuries that followed the beginnings of Buddhism, the body of literature comprising Mahayana Buddhism swelled to great proportions. The original precepts became the subject of vast tomes of commentary. Philosophical discussion, categorization of psychological mental and emotional states of being; legendary material, miracle stories, parables, fanciful descriptions of previous states and lives of the Buddha, elaborate descriptions of mental, subtle, and spiritual planes of existence
a book cover with an image of mountains and clouds in orange, white, and black
China Ancient and Modern: Geography, History and Culture
The entry of China onto the world scene as a major economic force in the 20th and 21st century motivated the creation of this 4 to 6 week study for 8th, 9th, or 10th grade. This study surveys the geography and terrain of the Asian continent, and proceeds through the cultural development of this civilization from the very earliest dynasties to the modern-day.
a black and white drawing of snow covered ground with trees in the distance at night
The Art of the Short Story with Charcoal Drawing Plot Development
Here is a scene, drawn entirely in black and white, of a frozen and desolate landscape that the student may draw to support a story such as Jack London’s To Build a Fire. A frozen stream is seen in the foreground. I created the drawing with white lead pencil (Prismacolor white) on black paper (inexpensive black construction paper). Notice how the brightest whites are in the foreground, and the dimmest whites are in the background.
the art of the short story with drama and meaning
The Art of the Short Story with Charcoal Drawing
In this 3 to 4 week study the students encounter some of the greatest short stories ever written and learning from these, practice the elements of story writing such as character development, setting and atmosphere, creating a plot, foreshadowing, etc. The goal is for the student to create a short story of his/her own. Included also in this study are sequential lessons in the art of charcoal drawing.
the four stages of history according to marrism
Criticisms of Marxism
This is one of the most common criticisms of Marxist ideas: that in practice, Marxist societies do not work and rather than leading to a condition of equality, lead rather to totalitarian governments. In the Marxist ideal, the executive committee ruling class who orchestrate the last stage of revolution leading to the classless society should wither away as the class distinctions begin to disappear.
a book cover with an image of two men in the background and text that reads world history
World History
This historical overview of the 20th century can be used for teaching a 3 to 4 week block in 8th or 9th grade. It begins with the great land grab of the late 19th century: British Imperialism, and European colonization of entire continents. These acquisitions were the prizes that awaited the victors of World War I, carried out with such ferocity that half the male population of Europe was decimated in four short years.
the diagram shows how to use an external pump for pumping water from a tank into a vessel
opic: Adiabatic Temperature Changes Chinooks, Santa Anas, and the Foehn
When air expands, its temperature decreases; when air is compressed, its temperature increases. These principles of the physics of air are at work in the many manifestations of weather. It is common to most firsthand life experience that the higher elevations within the same locale are generally cooler than the lower elevations.
the weather, clouds and sky are shown in this book
The Weather: Climate, Physics, and History
This is a 3 to 4 week study of meteorology that is taught in the 8th grade Waldorf Schools. The phenomena of weather are introduced though demonstrations of the physics of air, heat, and water. Global air masses, adiabatic temperature changes, the creation of winds, and other topics are fully explored. The book is divided into three sections, the first section introduces the elements of weather along with physics demonstrations.
a drawing of a hamburger sitting on top of a table
Topic: A Few Facts about American Nutrition
In this lesson, the teacher will present some of these startling facts listed ahead that can be elaborated upon and discussed. If you are not already aware of these facts, hopefully, it will make your hair stand on end. Try to put these facts together in a way that leads the student to see correlations. In other words, each bulleted fact should tell us something about preferences, eating habits, health, the food industry, etc.
the book hygeia nutrition and physical
Hygeia – Nutrition and Physiology
Unless it has been spoiled, the young child is endowed with an instinctual sense of healthy nutrition. However, this instinctual wisdom goes away as a child enters into puberty. Hence, the importance of the study of nutrition and the physiological processes associated with the substances that enter our body. This study gets right into the nitty-gritty of the topics of obesity, bulimia and anorexia as well as the effects of taking smoke into one’s lungs.
a drawing of an animal's mouth with the caption below it that says,
Topic: The Chemistry of the Limestone Cycle
The illustration of the limestone cycle along with explanation of the chemical processes at work can be drawn and writing into the student’s main lesson book.
the front cover of a book with swirly blue and white background, in orange frame
Chemistry
This 3 week main lesson study is an introduction to the basic processes in inorganic chemistry. Beginning with various manifestations of combustion including the phenomenon of oxidation, the lessons and demonstrations then move into the salt forming process (acid and bases) and finally the qualities of solutions, solvents, and catalysts.
One way to begin a lesson in nineteenth century history is to create a sense of perspective by accenting the differences between the world then and now. It is helpful to remind students of how strikingly different the world was just 200 years ago—no electricity, no phones, no cars, trains or planes, not even a steam ship. Travel was by horse or on foot. The telegraph was two generations away. Photography had yet to be developed. Steam Ship, Ship Travel
American History in the 19th Century Lesson One: The Louisiana Purchase
One way to begin a lesson in nineteenth century history is to create a sense of perspective by accenting the differences between the world then and now. It is helpful to remind students of how strikingly different the world was just 200 years ago—no electricity, no phones, no cars, trains or planes, not even a steam ship. Travel was by horse or on foot. The telegraph was two generations away. Photography had yet to be developed.
an american history in the 19th century
American History in the 19th Century
This book on American history follows chronologically its companion volume Early American History. It begins with the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition, and investigates changes in the character and ideals of America as it entered into the Industrial Age, Annexations, and the Gold Rush preceding the Civil War.
an old drawing of a city with lots of buildings and people in the middle of it
Revolutionaries and Romantics Lesson 17: The Factory City
Pictured below is a London slum of 1870 by Dore. Notice over the houses the archway supporting train tracks and the outhouses in every backyard.